![]() Once a person is infected with Epstein-Barr virus, the virus remains in that person's body for the rest of his life. However, sneezes and coughs also can transmit the virus. Mononucleosis has been nicknamed the "kissing disease." This is because Epstein-Barr virus commonly is transmitted during kissing. In some cases, it is caused by other viruses. It is commonly called mononucleosis, or "mono." Mononucleosis is most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. doi:10.1097/ mononucleosis is an illness caused by a viral infection. Mononucleosis and athletic participation: an evidence-based subject review. Putukian M, O’Connor FG, Stricker P, et al. Available at: articlerender.fcgi artid=1949255&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Mild infectious mononucleosis presenting with transient mixed liver disease: case report with a literature review. Ultrasonographic evaluation of splenic enlargement in athletes with acute infectious References Hosey RG, Kriss V, Uhl TL, DiFiori J, Hecht S, Wen DY. Return to full activity is often a shared decision between the physician, the athlete, and sometimes, the athlete’s family.ĪMSSM Member Authors Kyle V. After three weeks, and once the athlete’s fever is resolved and he or she is feeling better, consideration can be given to gradually returning to exercise and athletics. Based on this information, many sports medicine physicians restrict all exercise for the first three weeks of reported symptoms. Most reported splenic ruptures have occurred in athletes returning to activity within three weeks of their illness. The spleen can enlarge during the infection, and be at an increased risk of rupturing. Return to Play Return to play can be difficult with mono infections. Frequent hand washing is also recommended. This includes avoiding the use of an infected person’s cup or waterīottle, or avoiding eating his or her food. Prevention The best way to prevent a mono infection is to avoid contact with the oral secretions of a patient who is infected. Mono is a viral infection, not a bacterial infection, so antibiotics are not effective treatments for the infection. Treatment for the acute symptoms include rest, medicationsĪnd interventions for inflammation and/or pain control (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, throat lozenges or sprays, and salt water gargles, for example), and adequate hydration. Interestingly, some EBV infections are relatively minor with minimal symptoms, and the athlete may never know he or she was ever infected. The symptoms of mono can last for weeks to months. Ultrasound has been used to evaluate for spleen enlargement, but it is not necessary for the management of mono infections. The physician may perform lab testing to evaluate for infection, and to look specifically for mononucleosis and liver inflammation. (“jaundice”) and the whites of the eyes (“scleral icterus”). Liver inflammation can also cause itching, and yellowing of the skin Occasionally, the patient can have liver inflammation as well, and this can cause tenderness when pressing on the upper right portion of the abdomen. ![]() The spleen is an organ in the upper left portion of the abdomen, and it is commonly swollen during a mono infection. The physician will also perform an exam of the abdomen to evaluate for an enlarged spleen. A sports medicine physician will perform a thorough history and physical exam, looking for fever, swollen tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash. Sports Medicine Evaluation and Treatment Athletes with the symptoms described above should seek further evaluation by a physician. The virus is transmitted by oral secretions, leading to its common name “the kissing disease,” but sneezing and sharing cups or food may lead to transmission as well. Most adults are infected with EBV in their lifetimes, typically during adolescence or young adulthood. What is it? Mononucleosis, or “mono,” is a viral infection caused by the Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
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